Completed Research

This project conducted a national survey of temperatures of processed meat products at retail and upon arrival at home, after shopping. Data from this study was used in the FDA/USDA Risk Assessment for Listeria monocytogenes.

A review of the scientific literature on the survival of pathogenic foodborne bacteria during the cooling of heat-treated, ready-to-eat meat and poultry products and the thawing of frozen raw meat and poultry products.

This white paper determined the generally accepted time and temperature requirements for inactivation of the H5N1 virus in meat and poultry products. It reviewed non-thermal methods for inactivation of the H5N1 virus and their effectiveness and practicality in meat and poultry matrices. Finally, data gaps regarding inactivation of these viruses were identified.

This project validated the safety of slower cooking and cooling times for large whole-muscle meat products to meet FSIS lethality and stabilization microbiological performance standards.

This study reviewed major categories of fresh and processed meat products that are candidates for heterocyclic amine (HCA) formation and developed a matrix of levels of HCA among the major consumed meat products. An exposure assessment was also conducted based on known dietary consumption patterns.

This white paper provides information on the distribution of viruses in infected animals, shedding of animal and human viral pathogens, persistence of viruses in foods and the environment, thermal and non-thermal methods for destruction of viruses, and other industry practices, including GMPs and SSOPs, designed to prevent contamination of meat.

The white paper summarized all historical data on MRSA and its relationship with animal and non-animal related infections; evaluate hospital acquired infections; evaluate worldwide understanding of MRSA infections and their sources. The white paper also identified data gaps and discussed how these gaps influence the understanding of MRSA and proposed tasks needed to close the gaps.

This project developed a practical method for measuring ammonia contamination levels in meat products. The method was then used to study the uptake of ammonia by meats, and the effectiveness of methods designed to decrease contamination levels.

This paper reviewed the use of sodium as a food safety intervention; evaluated the synergistic effects of sodium with approved food safety hurdles; identified food safety risks associated with sodium alternatives; assessed human health risks that may result from changes in dietary sodium and potassium; and evaluated risks of reduced sodium and sodium replacements for targeted at-risk populations.

The white paper summarizes all historical data on C. difficile infections in humans; evaluates epidemiological data on animals, non-animal sources, and foods that have the potential to cause human infections and factors that affect transmission of C. difficile; evaluates hospital acquired C. difficile infections; evaluates worldwide understanding of C. difficile infections and their sources; and identifies the data gaps and discusses how these gaps influence the understanding of C. difficile and proposes tasks needed to close the gaps.